The Debate Of Science And Medicine - 1423 Words

Throughout the course of human history people have been fascinated by the world around them. Ancient philosophers focused on the questions of human existence while early scientists searched for explanations beyond those that religion provided. Science became an outlet to provide answers to the unknown while creating further questions for future experimenters to seek information about. Simply observing and explaining nature failed to bring seekers of knowledge satisfaction. It was not enough to have knowledge, people desired to apply that knowledge, using it to create an advantage over nature. The eagerness to control nature sparked one of humankind’s largest debates. Pre and post enlightenment thinkers alike questioned the role of science and whether or not it should continue on the path of being master to nature. In the modern world, science still faces the same debate especially within the realm of medicine. Modern medicine has greatly increased life expectancy by decreasing the number of communicable disease outbreaks, but still doctors and scientist want to go further. Science and medicine have come to a point where it is possible to make changes to the human genome and use stem cells to create other cell types. While these advances have great potential they are being experimented with in ways that seem unnatural and wobble between what is ethical or unethical. With expansions in genetic research and our growing understanding of the human genome and genes in general,Show MoreRelatedStem Cell Research Needs to Be Funded Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagescan bring to the medical community. Stem cell research became a topic of discussion back in the 1970s, just a short while after the Roe v. Wade ruling was made by the Supreme Court. At the time, science was not advanced enough to act on the potential of stem cells, consequently not causing much debate aside from issues over the amount of funding that was appropriate for the research. All that was really known about stem cells was that they had the potential to be reproduced into an unlimited amountRead More The Benefits of Xenotransplantation Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits of Xenotransplantation New technology has opened many doors of opportunity for advancements in medical science. Not even in our wildest dreams would we have imagined a world where animal organs could be safely transplanted into humans. A few years ago, this process called xenotransplantation, was completed for the very first time. The only dilemma critics had with the process involved the chances of infection and organ rejection from the patient. Through experimentation and advancesRead MoreMedicine Is The Best Option For Me1285 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, that is uniquely personal. I always have this passion for the amazement of science. And human, the science of it is indeed enchanting. I enjoy working with people as well as playing a role in their lives. Whenever possible, I want to save people. This connection between science and human is the path that I m deeply interested to take on. This is why medicine is the best option for me. I choose to study medicine in university because the scope is vas t, encompassing the causes, the nature, andRead MoreWestern Medicine Versus Traditional Medicine963 Words   |  4 Pages May 7, 2015 Position Paper: Western Medicine versus Traditional Medicine The Limitations of Traditional Medicine from the Needs of the Society In this time of modern technologies, we have found new ways of treating and curing disease. However, traditional medicine that was derived from old cultures is still available. Some people still prefer this kind of method, but some stick to conventional one which is the western medicine. Western medicine is related to scientific method and emphasizeRead MoreEthical Issues Of Death And Dying1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfaces daily. One major issue that is a common debate recently is death and dying and the ethical dilemmas associated with this stage in life. There are many different routes a patient can take when they are diagnosed with a terminal illness, two routes that are often up for debate are palliative care and physician assisted suicide. Many ethical concepts are brought up in the debate of these routes of care, sometimes even conflicting one another. Since medicine has advanced over many years we are experiencingRead MoreAristotle s Ideas And Philosophies Of Aristotle Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed and debated are the ideas and philosophies of Aristotle. Larger than life, Aristotle had substantial influence on the formation and methodology of science as a whole, as well as specific disciplines. Many of his theories were well beyond the knowledge of ancient Greece (or what they thought they knew), and only in recent history has the science community begun to discover that many of Aristotle’s theories were actually quite close to reality. In addition, many of his theories brought questionsRead MoreThe Ethical Relationship Between Technology and Medicine Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesSociety is not the only dynamic entity in the doctor-patient relationship. Medicine as a science is in perpetual change, while medicine as an art is marked by constancy and fidelity. The science of medicine and the rapid change of technology applied to medicine, involving the possibility that there may be conflict between the practice, innovation and what the public demand. This conflict could undermine the social contract of medicine and it must be addressed firmly. Provided that the practice is challengedRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research928 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment in stem cell research. This report will p rovide background to the debate, its social significance, parties that are involved and analysis of the arguments related to the topic researched. 2.0 The Issue and background to the debate Those who favour stem cell research are optimistic about the continued developments in stem cell research will open doors to many breakthrough discoveries in biomedical science. The scientific and ethical questions arise as rapidly as the reaching of milestonesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Animal Testing859 Words   |  4 Pageshealth sciences is the use non-human test subjects by medical research institutions. Animals used for experimentation can provide extremely important information due to their physical and genetic similarities to humans. The tradeoff to furthering the field of medical science is that often times these experiments result in pain, suffering, and death of the test subjects. This raises serious ethical and moral questions about the use of animal experimentation. It is a matter of serious debate as toRead MoreThe Arts And Science Program915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Arts Science program encouraged me to shape my knowledge by drawing on disciplines in the humanities, the performing arts, and the biological sciences. Through a diverse array of courses that emphasized self-directed learning, I wrote papers on the history of cosmetic surgery, the euthanasia debate in Canada, the Red Queen hypothesis, and the prejudice faced by Roma in Eastern Europe. The breadth of coursework I undertook during my undergraduate education moulded me into an interdisciplinary

Choices Essay on Macbeth - 1524 Words

Choices essay Human beings are unique in the world because humans have the power to tell between right and wrong. Some believe that this is simply a special instinct while others believe that it is divine creator that gave to man what is known as conscience. In the tragedy Macbeth, William Shakespeare develops the idea that when an individual makes a choice that is against his conscience, he and the larger community will suffer the consequences of his choice. Shakespeare uses three main characters: Lady Macbeth, Macduff and Macbeth to illustrate the importance of following the human conscience. Lady Macbeth is a great example of how ignoring one’s conscience can lead to self-destruction. Upon receiving Macbeth’s letter about meeting†¦show more content†¦Desperate, Macduff â€Å" is gone to pray the holy (English)king upon his aid†. Not only is Macduff putting his own life in danger, but he is also leaving his wife and kids very vulnerable. Macduff, howev er being the patriotic man, chooses to do what is his best for his country and follow his conscience in extension. Although his wife and kids do perished under Macbeth’s reign, Macduff is ultimately awarded by the new title he earns from Malcolm when Macbeth is finally overthrown. This might not cover the loss of his family, but Shakespeare is implying that he and his family will be reunited in heaven. Macduff did in fact follow his conscience in making decisions that are hard costing even the lives of his family, but he is able to continue to lead a peaceful life and be reunited with his family once in heaven while Lady Macbeth, most likely, soul is forever tormented by the scorching flames. Lady Macbeth isn’t the only victim of the scorching flames as Macbeth also has fail to follow his conscience. Macbeth is arguably the more evil character of the two because not only has a caused himself a tormented life but he has also caused his country so much misery. Macbeth like Macduff, starts in the play, as righteous and respectable, commander in Duncan’s army. After a crushing victory over the Norwegians, Macbeth is confronted by the three witches with a prophecy that proclaims him as â€Å"king hereafter†. Macbeth is highly tempted by thisShow MoreRelated macbeth - fate or free choice Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Macbeth – Fate or Free Choice? In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s destiny is determined by the choices he makes. The first hint to the reader of Macbeth’s choices comes as a warning from Banquo to Macbeth about believing the witches, or Weird Sisters. Once Macbeth starts to believe the witches, this belief facilitates his decisions to take certain actions. Macbeth’s choice to believe the witches also gives them control over him, which further illustrates how Macbeth’s destiny is fatedRead MoreIs Macbeth a Victim of Fate or His Own Ambitious Choices? Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesIs Macbeth a victim of fate or his own ambitious choices? Fate, unlike fatalism, does not stipulate that human deliberation and actions are inconsequential in causing an event, as its occurrence is inevitable. Rather it simply states that all events, and the choices leading up to them, are predetermined; hence the role of freewill is no less significant in deciding fated events than it is when considering situations from a non-fated perspective. This concept can be observed in William ShakespearesRead MoreEssay about Macbeth1001 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’? The first time we hear the statement is very early in the play when the witches say the exact line quot;Fair is foul, and foul is fairquot; only for Macbeth himself to repeat it very closely two scenes later. This repetition of the lines shows me that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place. In this essay I will endeavour to prove that the above statement doesn’t express ‘Macbeth’ thoroughly. Firstly I will show the fair Macbeth himselfRead MoreMacbeth : Who Made Choices? Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesToby Zeng 3/2/15 English 2 Macbeth Essay Who Made Choices? In the eyes of the world, Lady Macbeth was the devil incarnate with a vicious heart. People think Macbeth killed all of those innocent people because Lady Macbeth compelled him to do that. However, I state that Macbeth made his own choices. Lady Macbeth just made it faster to happen. Lady Macbeth had power first, then Mcbeth took it. After that, they lost their power in the end of play. We can seeRead MoreMacbeth: Fate vs. Free Will1718 Words   |  7 Pagesforce, the outcome of a person’s choices is controlled by the way in which they are destined to occur. On the other hand though, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. One question that seemed to pop into my head through out this play was whether individuals were victims of fate or their I own choices, or if each aspect plays a significant part in determining their destiny. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare plays aroundRead MoreOverview of Mac beth1746 Words   |  7 PagesNot surprisingly, Macbeth has received volumes of critical commentary over the years. Not only is the play an audience favorite, but its complex characterization, deeply woven themes, and characteristic Shakespearean style make it rich ground for scholarly inquiry. Critics such as Harold Bloom have remarked on the importance of Macbeth in the context of Shakespeare s works. In Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, Bloom writes, The rough magic in Macbeth is wholly Shakespeare s; he indulgesRead MoreDefining Manhood Through Gender Stereotypes1183 Words   |  5 PagesStereotypes in Macbeth In The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare attempts to define manhood and explore the different perceptions held towards what it means to be a man. As William Liston notes in his essay, â€Å"Man appears more than 40 times, almost always with a conscious sense of defining the term—or rather, of defining a person by the term† (232). Lady Macbeth is used as a tool to not only convey this theme, but she instigates the plot as well. Without her consistent scorn and ridicule of Macbeth and hisRead MoreMacbeth : Lightness And Darkness988 Words   |  4 PagesMuratovic Mr. Tice Honors English 2 6 March 2017 Macbeth Essay: Lightness and Darkness Is the lightness and darkness combination, implemented by Shakespeare in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, foreshadowing Macbeth’s downfall? As many can identify conspicuous examples of light and darkness through characterization, the play has many hidden foreshadowing signifiers. Although many overlook the imagery created through the light and darkness in Macbeth, Shakespeare places these examples strategicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1136 Words   |  5 PagesGielarowiec English 4A Mrs. Mastrokyriakos Macbeth Essay 1 March, 2013 Women in Macbeth For many years now women have always been slaves towards men. Always doing everything for them. Cooking, cleaning, and taking orders. But that is slowly changing. Everything slowly changes even people. People become more deranged over time. Shakespeare is one of the writers thats shows that in his plays. One of his plays is based on murder and irresponsible choices. The characters in the play experience the mostRead MoreMacbeth And Macbeth1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose if this essay is to prove that the theme in the two contrasting literary works of Twilight saga: eclipse by Stephenie Meyer and Macbeth by William Shakespeare are alike. The theme of destruction being inevitable in both literary pieces are the same through the element of symbolism used to connect and foreshadow events in each piece. Although the plot for each novel differs, the twin methods of symbolism they utilize evidently leads to inevitable destruction and deserve further examination

Teaching Philosophy Encouragement Essay - 595 Words

My perspective on teaching is aimed toward giving a greater sense of confidence and self esteem to elementary school children. The purpose of education is to motivate, empower, and prepare students for their future. It is a life-long preparation of making out one’s contributions and capabilities and putting those skills to use. Nonetheless, the purposes of education are varies. The principle changes with age, environment, and the customs of the individual student. The instructions good for one may not be good for another. Kindergarten has a totally different set of priorities than middle school students. Middle school students have a totally different set of priorities than High school students. I would love to teach a diverse group of†¦show more content†¦Comprehending that teacher instructional strategy must be at variance. However, I believe you should maximize academic learning time through a well thought-out environment. My classroom management plan will reflect my individual personality, teaching style, and philosophy of education. The most important key to set the tone in class is your body language, eye contact, and tone of voice. Behavioral improvement is most effective when you use a calm tone and make an effort to emphasize with the student. Explaining to them why they are wrong is very important. Helping them come up with a solution to solve the issue helps establish a deeper connection. Moreover, my classroom will have rules written and explained on a poster board displayed in the classroom. I will use motivation tools when trying to determine how to implement rewards in my classroom; I will use different kinds of incentives. One way to help students see the goal-setting process is to set a class goal and work together to achieve it. Every teacher’s ethical role in the classroom and community should include, mutual respect. Teachers, administrators, and students all have a right to be treated with dignity and equality. Any person can see how treating young people respectfully gives confidence and encourages the progress of a motivated identity and a strong self-image. Therefore, the classroom policies need to be aShow MoreRelatedEducation: The Expert Theory Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesParamount to my teaching philosophy is building strong relationships with students. By illustrating that I care for their needs and desires, I hope to become approachable and produce a sense of belonging. In my opinion, students possess an innate need to belong to social groups, and the development of positive relationships is imperative to students’ satisfaction of this need. According to Dreikurs, ‘students can often appear to be complicated and confusing to their teachers, most of them simplyRead MoreEssa y on Philosophy of Education1407 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Education I spent some time looking back upon my time in elementary, junior high and high school and thinking about all of my favorite teachers, and what exactly made them such outstanding, inspiring educators. I came to several conclusions. A good teacher is one who can not only show a student how to add four and seven, but also help them see why it is important for them to know how to do so. A good teacher is one who can explain to a child the process of photosynthesis while atRead MoreTeaching And Learning Philosophy From A Place Of Experience Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach to teaching and learning philosophy comes from a place of experience. What I have come to believe resonates with the positive and negative events that have occurred during my years as a student, but also as a role model. As we grow up we experience different teachers that tackle problems differently. The negative experiences always happen to stand out, but the positive experiences create the passion that can be transferred into motivation for our own teaching and learning philosophies. Four keywordsRead MoreBehaviour Management Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviour management theory/model that closely reflects their personal philosophy and ultimately, assists them to engage and achieve learning outcomes for their cohort of students. Behaviour management skills are essential for pre-service teachers and teachers. Establishing yourself confidently with your class - whichever theory/theories of behaviour management you prescribe to – is an important first step when teaching a new class. Groundwater-Smith, Ewing Le Cornu (2003, pg.255) comment: Read MoreMy Experience At Ocean Bay Middle School966 Words   |  4 Pagesclassroom management philosophy deals with this thinking and combines three different theorist who uses three different theories. My philosophy is to have a democratic, caring environment where my students have a voice, hold themselves and others accountable for their actions, make responsible choices, and build a sense of community and family. In my current field experience at Ocean Bay Middle School, my cooperating teaching uses a classroom management plan that is similar to my philosophy and the resultsRead More Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesEdu cational Goals and Philosophy Teaching has always been an honorable and valued profession. With teaching you instill the knowledge and values that the student will take with them throughout life. I have volunteered at the elementary school with my children and have enjoyed watching the encouragement and nurturing of these teachers towards their students. I felt that I have the ability to nurture and share in the wonderment of the knowledge that prevails around us. To achieve this goalRead MoreCo Constructive Environments Create Learning Opportunities For Children927 Words   |  4 Pages Co-constructive environments create learning opportunities for children. The learning strategy of co-construction is an extension of the philosophy of constructivism that maintains interpretation is required to â€Å"make meaning† of the world (Schwandt, as cited in MacNaughton Williams, 2009). The early childhood setting often bases their program on the developmental play curriculum as this relates to Piaget’s theory of children’s cognition. This approach is about the child constructing their ownRead More Philosophy of Teaching Essay567 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophy of Teaching As a future English teacher, my main priority is to share the wealth of opportunities and possibilities that an education in English can provide to a student. Given this task, I’ve begun to develop the guidelines by which my teaching will adhere. Although I still have much to learn, what follows is a simple framework for the ideals that I currently support. Not only do I expect these guidelines to change as I learn more about my students and myself, I look forward to theRead More My Philosophy of Teaching Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Teaching Teaching is a daunting task that I do not intend to take lightly. Becoming a teacher has been a dream of mine for several years. I always knew that teaching would be the career for me, especially when I began working in the school system as a substitute secretary. I loved working in the school environment; coming in contact with children everyday made me realize how much I would enjoy teaching a classroom full of students. Teachers play such an importantRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesA Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction â€Å"Being reflective involves thinking about what one is doing, and why, before, during, and after the act of doing it (Sweitzer, 2003 p.264). I believe self-knowledge of the professor is critical for meaningful learning to occur. Self-knowledge through reflection allows the professor to embrace teaching through the eyes of a scholar; thus providing a diverse learning environment supporting engagement and motivation of the learner. This paper describes

Why should manager want it in their workforce Free Essays

The concept of organisational commitment (OC) is not easy to describe. By studying the literature on OC it becomes apparent that there is little consensus as to the meaning of the term. As the area has grown and developed, researchers from various disciplines have ascribed their own meaning to the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Why should manager want it in their workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is one of the reasons why defining OC is difficult. One definition is â€Å"Giving all of yourself while at work† (Martin and Nicolls). This definition is not very specific nor is it precise. A second definition says that work commitment come into being â€Å"When a person, by making a side-bet, links extraneous interests with a consistent line of activity.† (Becker, 1960) This definition focuses mainly on activities and behaviour in OC. A third definition explains OC as â€Å"an attitude or an orientation towards the organisation which links or attaches the identity of the person to the organisation.† (Sheldon, 1971) The two last definitions differ from each other in their understanding of OC. The second focuses mainly on behaviour while the third is more based on attitude and identification. A good definition should cover the attitudinal-behavioural dichotomy and one definition that does that is Richard T Mowday et al’s (1982) definition: This definition represents something more than the previous because it says that OC goes beyond mere passive loyalty to an organisation. It sees commitment to an organisation as an active relationship with the organisation such that individuals are willing to give something of themselves in order to contribute to the organisation’s well being. Mowday’s definition can be characterised by at least three factors:  · A strong belief in and acceptance of the organisation’s goals and values  · A willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organisation and  · A strong desire to maintain membership in the organisation Mowday’s definition also has some weaknesses. Firstly it is important to notice that this definition does not prelude the possibility that individuals will also be committed to other aspects of their environment. It simply asserts that regardless of these other possible commitments the organisationally committed individual will tend to exhibit the three characteristics identified. Secondly, the definition doesn’t clarify the terms ‘identification with’ and ‘involvement in’. It can be discussed whether this is a good definition since the terms may be understood as ambiguous. Although this is not an ideal definition of OC, it is a definition that gives a good understanding and explanation of what OC is. Furthermore, Staw (77) differentiates between 2 different types of OC. Attitudinal commitment: Refers to commitment rooted in an employee’s identification with the particular value system upheld by the co, and a desire to continue working there. Behavioural commitment on the other hand, comes about through a consistent pattern of action by an employee over a period of time, and the way in which s/he tends to become bound by this behaviour and hence reluctant to change. The point made here is that attitudinal commitment should lead to behavioural commitment and behavioural to attitudinal. Understanding this, we will examine in part 3 possible ways managers in which look to initially generate OC. There are several possible reasons why managers should want work commitment in their workforce. Drennan suggest that most managers believe that with real commitment from staff the performance of their business could improve dramatically. Beside an increased performance the work will also be a better place to work. The empirical studies carried out on the topic of OC represent a rich collection of findings with respect to both the antecedents and the consequences of the construct. Here is a short explanation of five possible outcomes that has been studied. Few important correlations have emerged in studies, although the correlations are consistently in a predicted direction and often reached statistical significance. (Mowday et al., 1974; Porter, Crampon, Smith, 1976; Steers, 1977a) Therefore we should expect commitment to influence the amount of effort an employee puts forth on the job and this efforts should have some influence on actual performance. Committed employees are desirous of remaining with the organisation. Highly significant, positive correlations have been found between increased tenure and increases commitment in Mowday 1974 and Steer 1977 studies. Theory would predict that highly committed employees would be more motivated to attend so they could facilitate organisational goal attainment. Modest support can be found in several studies like F.J. Smith, 1977; Steers, 1977a, but this support is not entirely consistent (Angle Perry, 1981). When an employee’s commitments lie outside the organisation (e.g. hobby, family), less internal pressure would be exerted on the employee to attend (Morgan Herman, 1976). We could say that commitment may represent an influence on attendance motivation. In a study by Angle and Perry (1981), commitment was found to be strongly and inversely related to employee tardiness. The theory underlying the construct suggests that highly committed employees are likely to engage in behaviours consistent with their attitudes toward the organisation. Coming to work on time would certainly represent one such behaviour. The strongest or most predictable behavioural outcome of employee commitment should be reduced turnover, which are shown in five studies. (Angle Perry, 1981, Hom et al., 1979; Koch Steers, 1978; Mowday et al., 1979; Steers, 1977a) In a sixth study, a longitudinal design was used to track commitment levels over time among a sample of psychiatric technicians. (Porter et al., 1974) Again commitment was found to be significantly and inversely related to subsequent turnover. Using the model suggested by Mowday et al, we look at the development of OC in 3 stages. What should be clear here is the significance of the early part of the company’s relationship with an employee in seeking OC. Here we refer in particular to recruitment and induction practices of the firm. Employee characteristics: Choose people whose values, beliefs, etc in some way fit with those of the firm. The role of this ‘fit’ in securing attitudinal commitment is significant Employee Expectations: Make sure these correspond with the realities of the job Job Design: Increase scope leads to increased commitment. Important dimensions inc: variety, autonomy, feedback, significance, challenge. – Participation, group work, and interdependence of tasks leads to commitment thru greater involvement and also increased felt responsibility – Make work challenging: Will attract those individuals who value work and bring an attitude of achievement to the organisation. Management and structure: Integration and supportive/open management – Loosen tight supervision and give employees more discretion Reward System: Internal labour market Organisational characteristics: Co must be seen as protecting the workers’ interests while offering employment stability. Socialising employees is also important here, altho little research has been done on either its implementation of its usefulness. Increasing focus on behavioural commitment 1. Employees’ jobs more likely to inc those dimensions mentioned above in ‘Job design’ 2. Higher extrinsic awards + increased value of investments made by employee 3. Workers generally more socialised in the co Note: A major factor in influencing OC which has been ignored deliberately is that of personal experiences and histories that employees bring with them from previous jobs, etc. as this is beyond the scope of management intervention. In this essay we have mainly argued that organisational commitment is good and we have explained why manager should want it in their workforce. It is also evident that having a strong committed workforce has its advantages. One thing we have not mentioned is the disadvantages of a committed workforce. Randall (1987) used the term â€Å"blind† commitment in describing a workforce that was too committed. If you are too committed it can lead employees to accept the status quo even if the ultimately means that the company loses its ability to innovate and adapt to change. Another possible drawback to commitment can be illustrated by the example of a mediocre employee who has been at for a particular org for some time and who would struggle to get another job elsewhere. In this case, we assume s/he would be committed to his/her job so as not to risk losing it. In this way, this paper, having shown that there are many reasons why managers may wish to secure OC and how it can be achieved, has also highlighted some potential drawbacks that managers should be aware of. How to cite Why should manager want it in their workforce, Essay examples

HR Balance Score Card for Ducab-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Balance Scorecard Ducab. Answer: Introduction The performance of the human resource metrics in Ducab Limited is measured by use of the balance score card. The Ducab Manufacturers has an overall management objective to provide value to customers, internal processes, people and the shareholders as the financials. The scope of the balanced scorecard is to measure the achieved goals in human resource and the contribution to the overall manufacturing objectives(Recardo, 2017). Strategies are broken down to specific line managers so that everyone gets his part to play. The final result will be a breakthrough in performance through the human resource(Jakic, 2017). Objectives Measure Targets Initiatives Customers Value addition in our cable products, growth of existing markets, new markets, increased market segments The company has reported a tremendous increase of customers and clients which have necessitated expansion of the organization through the opening of new campuses and construction of more building infrastructure. To completely meet the demand and quality needs in the cable market, to enhance customer loyalty(Kathula, 2017).. Multiple innovations have been enhanced through the involvement of staff in solving problems that frequently arise. Young, enthusiastic employees are recruited to make 40% of the employees, the setting up of a technological infrastructure has been substantially undertaken to enhance efficiency (Jelnkov et al. 2016). Financials Shareholder value, Increase in diversification. The investments by the current shareholder and new shareholders have risen showing that the company is meeting their interests to attract more. The company has a target to always give back to the shareholder's dividends that are higher than the previous year's share of profits. The costs of HR are controlled at an optimum level by controlling of wastage, and rule-out of unnecessary costs such as ghost workers. Employment of qualified professionals to efficiently manage. Internal processes The increase in product capacity, increase customer satisfaction, enhance competitiveness, corporate social responsibility, and the efficacy of new products. Management costs have been reduced in the recent past, Efficiency has been improved by reduction of time that was being wasted through absenteeism. Ducab manufacturers aim to enhance the operational efficiency so as to reduce costs and increase productivity. The biometric system manages hours worked and reviews absenteeism. People Operational effectiveness, attainment or targets, enhance employee engagement, improve skills, knowledge, and performance, trust. Attrition levels are 90% showing that most of the employees have been empowered to create trust. The levels of specialized employees being attracted to the firm are also reported to be high. Update of skills and knowledge by the current training needs, achieving a full attrition rate. The is the creation of effective teams. Efficient communication. The collaboration of the management with the staff. There is personal understanding of the employees. There is effective management of conflicts between employees in Ducab limited. The Employment metrics in Ducab Manufacturers has been favorable and this has won it the employer of the year award. The company uses the following formula to calculate employee metrics: Cost per hire = (Total internal + external recruitment costs) / hires in a year (300000+250000)/ 80 = AED 6875 Absentee rate = workdays lost/ (average staff number* workdays available per employee) =18/ (1300* 276) = 0.00005 Turnover cost = Total direct costs Unpaid cost while a job is vacant 8,070,000 1,700,000 = 6,370,000 AED Turnover rate = total staff in a year/ the reduction in staff * 100% 5 / 1300* 100% = 0.38% Conclusion The goals of Ducab management in the provision of value to the best interests of the stakeholders; the customers, employees, and shareholders have been achieved through the value created in the processes within the company. Attainment of these objectives has been enabled through the involvement of each departmental goal(Kathula, 2017). The effectiveness of the scorecard consumes time for the companys HR and has played a significant role in accountability and attainment of the Ducabs objectives. References Jakic, M. (2017). HR BALANCED SCORECARD AND BUSINESS ETHICS HR BALANCE SCORECARD. human resource matrics, 114-119. Kathula, R. (2017). STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. Millenial workforce, 93. Lucie Jelnkov, KoÃ… ¾en Marcela . (2016). Customer value as a tool for increasing company competitiveness. Journal of human resource, 86. Recardo, R. (2017). Incorporating Best Practices to Strengthen Your Human Resources Strategic Plan. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 29-41.

Sharpeville Massacre free essay sample

SHARPEVILLE: BLOODY THE BATTLE THE EVENTS OF SHARPEVILLE (21 MARCH 1960), AND THE THREE WEEKS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING IT, HAVE OFTEN BEEN DESCRIBED AS A DECISIVE TURNING-POINT IN MODERN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY. DOES A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE HEAR OUT THAT VIEW? â€Å" one little boy had on an old blanket coat, which he held up behind his head, thinking, perhaps, that it might save him from the bullets. Some of the children, hardly as tall as the grass, were leaping like rabbits. Some were shot, too. Still the shooting went on † -Humphrey Tyler, Witness and Assistant Editor of Drum Magazine The Sharpeville massacre of 1960 and the events it precipitated had a profound and long lasting effect on South African society and the already volatile political climate of the time. This essay will contend that the unrestrained violence upon a peaceful demonstration proved to be a watershed moment that was decisive in determining the immediate future of the anti-Apartheid struggle, as well as determining the future direction of the Apartheid regime in South Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Sharpeville Massacre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will detail the massacre, the events that lead up to it and it will highlight the responses of the government, resistance movement and international community. I will argue that these responses had a long lasting effect on the future direction of the apartheid state and anti-apartheid movement, thus making it a decisive turning point in modern South African history. Before one can appreciate the significance of the Sharpeville massacre, one must understand its historical background and political context. From 26 May 1948, South Africa was ruled by the National Party government, who came to power on the political platform of separateness, or Apartheid. As the rest of the western world moved to end racial segregation, South Africa entered a phase that saw sustained and institutionalised racism at the hands of a government who were representing the minority white race. Christopher Landsberg describes this period impassionedly, stating ‘the social engineering secured for whites a virtual monopoly of power-political, economic and social. Apartheid deliberately created poverty and racial inequalities (that) was at beast a sham democracy. ’ It was the institutionalised racism, however, that eventually lead to the unique set of circumstances that enabled the tragedy at Sharpeville to occur. Apartheid was implemented through a series of evolving laws from 1949 that directly affected all aspects of life for coloured people. Several laws already existed along racial lines, however, it was the National Party government that formalised its social policy on such laws. Prominent examples include the Mixed Marriage Act of 1949, the Immorality Act and the Population Registration Act of 1950 and the Bantu Education Act of 1953. These dictated that whites and non-whites could not marry or have sex, and that each person was officially designated a colour and race (and ultimately an identity) at the government’s discretion. Many families were broken up under these laws, in which some mixed raced families were reclassified, greatly disrupting –if not ending- many family relationships. To combat any opposition, the government created the Criminal Law Amendment Act which made any person associating with anyone who was protesting or repealing any law liable for criminal charges. The National Party also increased all forms of censorship and banned any organisation or publication pertaining to have communist links or sympathies, including several workers’ union, which had significant impacts for the predominately Black labour force. This was in line with international Cold War sentiment and, thus, the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950 was not seen as extreme. Understandably, resistance from oppressed racial groups intensified with time as these laws became more repressive and as their lives became increasingly restricted. Anti-apartheid and racial rights organisations such as the African National Congress (ANC) continued to rise to prominence with powerful doctrines such as the Programme of Action which was adopted in 1949 in Bloemfontein. The ANC’s ten point Freedom Charter of 1955 was another influential call to arms for the repressed groups of South Africa, inspiring them to take more direct mass action. However, the goals of the ANC did not by any means represent those of everyone in the anti-Apartheid struggle. This point was emphasised when the Pan African Congress (PAC) broke away from the ANC in November 1958, looking to represent a larger section of the South African population that were discontent with the apartheid regime. The most notable difference between the two groups was the PAC’s willingness to embrace the notion of multiracialism as a realistic political platform for the future, as opposed to the ANC’s purely Africanist objectives. The PAC also attracted the disenchanted youth demographic, who were eager to commit to their ideological beliefs with action. The PAC also focussed the need to assert their â€Å"African personality† and, as Sobukwe warned, ‘that acceptance of any indignity, any insult, any humiliation, is acceptance of inferiority’. Both groups, however, were inspired by Ghandi’s peaceful approach to resistance which had prevailed in India and, importantly, insisted upon peaceful, non-violent demonstrations at all times. Significant demonstrations in a developing Programme of Action succeeding the Defiance Campaign included a 1957 workers’ stay-at-home, the bus boycotts of Alexandra and Everton proved to be both successful and to a large extent, peaceful. The Sharpeville massacre occurred in unique circumstances, and proved to be a tragic event that would shape the future of the apartheid struggle. As both the PAC and the ANC struggled with the limitations of peaceful protests and police became increasingly nervous with greater responsibilities, a political boiling pot had begun to simmer. Gerhart contends that competition between the now rival anti-apartheid groups was steadily growing, which contributed to the rushed planning of events and relative level of disorganisation. Ross argues that these organisations also underestimated the ruthlessness of the police state mentality that was being hardened across South Africa. However, as Gerhart cites, Sobukwe wrote to the commissioner of police, Major General Rademeyer, assuring him of a peaceful protest and declared that crowds would disperse if given adequate warning and acknowledged the threat of ‘trigger happy, African hating’ police. In early 1960, both the PAC and the ANC announced individual plans to stage a mass, nationwide campaign against the humiliating Pass Laws. This would primarily entail the marching of large numbers of people to police stations, without their passes, to hand themselves in for arrest. The intention was to instigate major civil reforms and highlight the importance of personal freedoms. The brochure calling for the campaign against the Pass Laws (as issued by Sobukwe, a leader of the PAC) stated ‘NO BAIL! NO DEFENCE! NO FINE! ’ which exemplified their willingness for ‘SERVICE, SACRIFICE AND SUFFERING’ for their cause. On March 21, 1960 in the Transvaal region, a PAC stronghold, up to 20000 people converged on the Everton police station and approximately 4000 on Vanderbijlpark’s where they either burnt their passes or surrendered to police. As assured, most of these crowds diverged after warning shots were fired or threatening low flying military jets passed. However, Sharpeville was significantly different due to the police’s poor community relations. Raids were a daily occurrence in Sharpeville, corruption was rife, unemployment was high, housing costs were also disproportionately higher and there had been a significant rise in the influx of arrests and prosecutions in the area, all of which contributed to a more difficult life for Africans in the immediate area. 000 people converged on the Sharpeville station, and refused to leave as those in the other protests had. Several testimonies stated that the crowd was waiting for a top official who was rumoured to address them. Witness accounts vary as to what happened next, with some claiming protesters were fighting or throwing rocks (as in the Langa township where two people had been shot) whilst others stated that they were entirely peaceful. The police were also nervous after 9 police officers had recently been killed by a demonstration that had become violent in Cato Manor. Rusty Berstein states, ‘Suddenly in the midday heat, someone’s nerve cracks. A policeman inside the fence raises his rifle and opens fire. That becomes the signal for the whole police party to blaze away against the people, who flee for their lives. Whether the firing started in panic or on an officer’s orders is never established ’ 69 people are killed and a further 180 are estimated to be injured, and almost all were shot in the back. Some people were shot in nearby cafes by stray bullets, as were people in their yards and in front of the local ministers’ house. The New York Times quoted a senior police official who stated at the time, ‘I don’t know how many we’ve shot if they do these things, they must learn the hard way. ’ The significance of such an event cannot be underestimated. The events of the next three weeks and immediate reactions from the government, resistance movement and international community had long lasting implications for the apartheid regime. It were these implications that highlight how the massacre at Sharpeville -and three weeks immediately following it- was undoubtedly a decisive, watershed moment in modern South African history. The anti-apartheid movement responded to the massacre with grief, anger, disbelief and an overall new resolve to continue to resist the now murderous regime. As Ben Turok wrote in his autobiography, ‘Sharpeville had become one of the most symbolic events in South Africa’s liberation struggle. It was to ignite the anger of millions of oppressed and those with a conscience in South Africa and around the world’. The PAC gained significant amounts of public sympathy in the wake of the massacre, and support for the general aims of the ANC also increased. A national stay-at-home was announced to mourn the dead and was held for a week, beginning the day after the massacre; this effectively bought many businesses and industries to a standstill as the main source of labour stayed at home. Both the PAC and the ANC encouraged this strike whilst advocating non-violence. Police continued with brutal raids, they targeted the survivors of the massacre, and shot at those attempting to escape as police broke into their homes. This proved to be the main catalyst for the infamous march of 30000 in Cape Town. Lead by Philip Kgosana, a 23 year old who had recently dropped out of university to focus on political activities for the PAC, the march was intended to finish at the South African Houses of parliament. Police officials convinced him that it would be safer for the crowd to disperse in return for some concessions to be made and a meeting with the Minister for Justice that afternoon. When Kgosana returned for his meeting, he was arrested. Arguably the most significant impact of the Sharpeville massacre, however, was the realisation that non-violent resistance would prove futile in a police state such as South Africa. As Thompson asserts, it ‘was a watershed moment in modern South African history. nonviolent methods had achieved nothing except a series of defeats at the hands of a violent state’. Sharpeville marked the militarisation of the resistance movement and the creation of military wings to the ANC and the PAC. The ANC formed the Umkhonto we Sizwe (the Spear of the Nation, which would be lead by Nelson Mandela) and the PAC formed Poqo (Pure), both of which began a bombing campaign against industrial and government sites. As Leach suggests, the resistance movement’s direct response to Sharpeville marked the beginning of endemic violence in South Africa. The government’s response to the massacre -which effectively shaped the events immediately following it- also contributed to why it was such a decisive turning point for South Africa. They temporarily suspended pass arrests and focussed all resources on armoured patrols of potentially troublesome spots. Almost immediately, important leaders of the ANC and PAC were arrested under the Riotous Assemblies Act and the Public Safety Act, which contributed to the emergency situation. These arrests effectively paralysed the main resistance organisations in the short term, as up to the third or fourth layer of organisation had been removed. The day of Kgosona’s march in Cape Town (30 March) a state of emergency was declared. The timing of this was unquestionably impeccable. Just after Kgosona had dispersed the threatening crowds and he returned for his meeting with the Minister for Justice, the State of Emergency regulations enabled him to be arrested. The PAC and ANC were officially banned on April 6 under the Unlawful Organisation Act, sending all levels of organisation underground. The government was also forced to respond on an international level, with the South African representative to the United Nations leaving the table when pointed discussions surrounding the Sharpeville massacre arose. Amid criticism from British Prime Minister Macmillan after the massacre, the South African Prime Minister Verwoerd declared South Africa would become a republic. Similarly, the international response to the massacre and the events immediately following it proved to have lasting significance. The international condemnation and outcry marked a decisive turning point, whereby the global community began to actively speak out against the apartheid state. The New York Times adequately reflected international outrage at the shootings in an editorial the following day. It stated that ‘a policy which degrades the great majority of the people of a nation is certain to lead to tragedy Do the South Africans think that the rest of the world will ignore such a massacre? ’ Countries from across the world expressed disapproval of the events and of apartheid more broadly. Landsberg notes that strong counter reactions internationally included the establishment of the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid as well as the adoption of resolutions 134 of 1960 at the United Nations, deploring the South African government and its actions. The United States called the massacre ‘regrettable’ and a violation of the United Nations Charter on human rights. As previously discussed, another long term effect of the massacre was South Africa eventually becoming a republic after condemnation from Britain. The Sharpeville massacre drew international attention and criticism to the repressive and violent regime that existed in South Africa. This proved to be the first of many international political steps to end apartheid, thus cementing the massacre’s place as a decisive historical turning point. Critics argue that the Sharpeville massacre was not a decisive turning point and was instead a singular ineffectual moment at a volatile time. Gerhart notes that similar protests and boycotts later in 1960 and 1961 proved to be ‘abortive,’ indicating that a lasting impression had not been made, just as it had failed to inspire success in similar actions. Resistance became increasingly difficult after the banning of the ANC and PAC, as well as the arrest of a large proportion of their leadership groups. This is supported by the fact that it took another 30 years for the apartheid regime to fall, and that was only after international pressure and sanctions. However, these arguments fail to engage with the symbolic importance and nature of Sharpeville and the events that followed. As Frankel simply states, ‘Sharpeville is crucial to South African history in the last century because it represents an end, a beginning, a social commentary and an evaluation’. Sharpeville was not the bloodiest, most brutal or surprising attack on Blacks in South Africa’s history throughout Apartheid. Nor did it have the most dramatic international response or incite the largest protests in South Africa’s history. However, it was a moment that represented a direct change to how blacks, whites and the rest of the world viewed apartheid and gave both sides a new resolve that directly influenced the future events and ideologies surrounding apartheid. This in itself proves the massacre and ensuing events were a decisive turning point in South Africa’s history, and the power of this should not be underestimated. One may argue that the massacre and related events changed little in South Africa; however, this grossly miscalculates the importance of inspiring collective emotion, hope and emboldened desire when Africans had little else to fight with. After the massacre, the resistance movement was forced underground and turned militant, changing the battleground dramatically. The government asserted its resolve and police state mentality. The international community awoke to the realities of apartheid and began a long campaign against it. These are all long term effects of the massacre and the events that immediately followed it, which prove that it was a decisive turning point in modern South African history. BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Anon. ‘50 Killed in South Africa as Police Fire on Rioters’, New York Times, March 22, 1960. Anon, ‘Macmillan is Assailed’ New York Times, 21 March 1960. Anon, ‘South Africa Quits Debate; Disputes UN Jurisdiction’ New York Times, 2 April 1960. Anon, ‘The Tragedy at Sharpeville’ New York Times, 22 March 1960. ANC. ‘The Freedom Charter’, as cited in Thirty Years of the Freedom Charter, edited by Suttner, R. and Cronin, J. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1986. Lodge, H. C. (US representative at the UN), as quoted in ‘Excerpts from Addresses in UN Security Council on South Africa Issue’ New York Times, 31 March 1960. PAC. ‘Document 47: Calling the Nation! ’ editied by Karis and Carter G. , From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa 1882 -1964, Vol. 3, 1977. Secondary Sources Bernstein, Rusty, Memory Against Forgetting: Memoirs from a Life in South African Politics 1938-1964. London: Penguin, 1999. Clark Nancy L. and Worger, William H. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid. London: Pearson Education Limited, 2004. Dubrow, Saul. The African National Congress, 2000. Frankel, Phillip. An Ordinary Atrocity: Sharpeville and Its Massacre. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. Gerhart, G. Black Power in South Africa: The evolution of an ideology, 1978. Landsberg, Christopher. The Quiet Diplomacy of Liberation: International Politics and South Africa’s Transition. Johannesburg: Jacuna Media, 2004. Leach, Graham. South Africa: No Easy Path to Peace. London: Routledge, 1986. Lodge, Tom. Black Politics in South Africa since 1945, London: Longman Group, 1983. Maharaj, Mac and Kathrada, Ahmed. Mandela: The Authorised Portrait. Rowville, Victoria: Five Mile Press Pty Ltd, 2006. Peffer, John ‘Mellow Yellow: Image, violence, and play in apartheid South Africa’ in Violence and Non-Violence in Africa edited by Ahluwalia, Pal, Bethlehem, Louise and Ginio Ruth. New York: Routledge, 2007. Ross, Robert. A Concise History of South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Thompson, Leonard. A History of South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. Turok, Ben. Nothing but the Truth: Behind the ANC’s Struggle Politics. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2003.

Using a Sample Essay About Innovation

Using a Sample Essay About InnovationSample essays on innovation are an excellent way to help you write a powerful and useful essay. When you take the time to write a sample essay, you can start to see what the essay will look like before you begin writing it. The actual writing process can be made more effective by the use of the sample essay. There are a number of different ways that you can use a sample essay to guide your own writing.Using a sample essay is also a good way to keep your essay focused. You don't want to try to incorporate too many ideas into your essay that is too broad. On the other hand, you don't want to have a bunch of ideas for every sentence because you don't want your essay to feel too unorganized. Instead, you want to keep the focus on one particular aspect of innovation. In this way, your essay will be easier to follow and will have a better flow.Writing an essay is much more difficult when you try to cover more than one topic at a time. This is why using a sample essay is a very helpful tool. You can use it as a jumping off point to get your thoughts in order. This will make it much easier to begin writing a few paragraphs at a time instead of going straight to the part where you explain something.If you want to write your own essay, then you might consider using a sample essay as a guide. You can use it as a way to brainstorm what you want to say about innovation. You might find that a specific aspect of innovation does not show up in the sample essay, but that is okay because you will still be able to use it to shape your own essay.You should always remember that while a sample essay may seem like an excellent idea for a guide, you should not use it as the basis for your essay. You should always start with your own ideas and build upon them to form your own essay. A sample essay can give you a lot of ideas about what to include, but you should always start with your own original thoughts.A sample essay can also be a great way to s tart writing your own essay. After you've done a bit of research, you might be able to use the information to write a good essay. You might be surprised at how many interesting things you can uncover just by doing some research. This can be a great thing to use as a starting point for your own essay.As you get closer to writing your essay, you might find that you have some problems that need to be worked out. This is especially true if you are unsure of how to proceed. Taking a look at a sample essay can be a great way to get some ideas.It is always important to think carefully about the kind of essay you are trying to write. Some people do not know where to begin when they want to write a good essay. Taking the time to read a sample essay is a great way to get some ideas. This will give you the knowledge you need to start writing the perfect essay.